Tests in the discipline "Medical Microbiology"

The tests are intended for students, graduate students and teachers of higher medical educational institutions, universities, microbiologists of all specialties and practical doctors.

Topics:

General microbiology

A brief historical outline of the formation and development of microbiology, immunology and virology.

Microscopic methods for the study of microorganisms.

Basic principles of the classification of microorganisms. Origin and evolutionary paths of microorganisms.

The morphology of bacteria.

Physiology of bacteria. Nutritional mechanisms.

Constructive exchange (anabolism). Protein biosynthesis.

Features of energy metabolism (catabolism).

Self-regulation mechanisms.

Bacterial genetics

Some general concepts about the genetic system.

Features of the regulation of the expression of genetic information in bacteria.

Forms of exchange of genetic material in bacteria.

Genetic recombinations in bacteria.

Molecular mechanisms of bacterial variability. Organization of genomes.

Plasmids of bacteria as the simplest organisms.

Microflora of the biosphere

Distribution of microbes in nature and their role in ensuring the dynamic balance of the biosphere.

Human microflora and its meaning.

The doctrine of infection

Infection, factors of the infectious process and the main forms of infections.

Pathogenicity of bacteria. Pathogenicity factors and features of their genetic control.

The main sources of infection. Ways and ways of human infection.

Microbiological basis for the chemotherapy of infectious diseases.

The doctrine of immunity

The main stages in the development of the doctrine of immunity.

The main function of immunity is to ensure the structural and functional integrity of the body.

Modern trends in the development of immunology. Forms of anti-infectious immunity.

Species immunity.

The macrophage system and the formation of species immunity.

The complement system and the formation of species immunity.

Other mechanisms of species immunity.

The main biological mechanisms of self-defense of the cell genome.

Acquired immunity. Antigenic histocompatibility system.

Acquired immunity. Forms of the immune response. Antibodies.

Other forms of immune response. Hypersensitivity reactions.

Cellular bases of immunity. Organs of immunity.

The main populations of immunocompetent cells. T-lymphocytes and their functions.

B-lymphocytes and their functions.

Cooperative interaction of macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes in the issuance of an immune response.

The role of cytokines, lymphokines, interleukins in the regulation of the activity of the immune system.

Interaction of the immune, endocrine and nervous systems.

Immunological status of the human body.

Diseases of the immune system (immunodeficiency diseases).

Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy.

Immune serum reactions (serological reactions).

Viruses and the diseases they cause

Basic properties of viruses and their molecular genetic organization.

Virus cultivation methods.

Classification of viruses.

The life cycle of viruses. The main types of viral genomes.

Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages).

Methods for the diagnosis of viral diseases.

Features of antiviral immunity.

Viruses are the causative agents of acute respiratory diseases.

Viruses are the causative agents of acute intestinal infections.

Viral hepatitis.

Human herpesviruses and diseases caused by them.

Arboviruses.

Rhabdoviruses and filoviruses.

Poxviruses. Human smallpox virus.

Retroviruses.

Viruses and cancer.

Private medical microbiology

Causative agents of purulent-inflammatory diseases.

Causative agents of especially dangerous infections.

Pathogens of intestinal infections.

Causative agents of droplet infections.

Listeria, legionella and the diseases they cause.

Pathogenic anaerobes.

Mycobacteriosis.

Rickettsia, Orientia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Bartonella, Chlamydia and the diseases they cause.

Pathogenic mycoplasmas.

Pathogenic actinomycetes and nocardia.

Pathogenic spirochetes and spirillae.

Pathogenic fungi.

Pathogenic protozoa.

Nosocomial (hospital) infections.

Microorganisms of the oral cavity and the diseases they cause.