Angkor Wat

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Located 6 km from Siem Reap, Cambodia, Angkor Wat is an ancient temple city built by King Suryavarman II in the north of the Angkor region during 1115-1145. This colossal temple city stands as one of the most remarkable examples of Khmer architecture and has become synonymous with Cambodia, even appearing on the country's national flag.

Originally a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu, Angkor Wat later transformed into a Buddhist temple in the 13th century. After the Khmer Kingdom's capital moved to Phnom Penh in the 14th century, Angkor Wat was left abandoned, engulfed by the surrounding forest. Rediscovered in 1858 by the French naturalist Henri Mouhot, the temple was introduced to the world. In the 20th century, efforts were made to clear the lands and wild grasses, preserving the structure. Today, it enjoys excellent protection and holds a place on the World Heritage List since 1992, alongside the ancient city of Angkor Thom to the north. Consequently, it has become one of the most visited sites by tourists in Cambodia.

Angkor Wat showcases two key elements of Khmer architecture: the mountain-shaped domes representing Mount Meru, the abode of the Gods in Hinduism, and a courtyard surrounded by a pyramid and concentric galleries. The temple is encircled by thick walls and ditches, stretching over a length of 3.6 km. While most Angkor temples face east, Angkor Wat faces west, indicating its unique architectural philosophy adopting the west as a kiblah.

The temple is renowned for its intricate stone sculptures adorning its surfaces, including statues, roofs, sills, and pillars. The walls are adorned with thousands of reliefs depicting scenes from Indian mythology, along with animal and human figures, abstract motifs, and half-relief friezes.

Originally established as the capital of the Khmer Kingdom in 890, Angkor was once the largest city in the world before the Industrial Revolution. Interestingly, King Suryavarman II placed Vishnu, rather than Shiva, at the center of the palace's religious life, setting him apart from other Khmer kings.

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