Astronomy Textbook, MCQ, Essay Questions, Flash Cards, Key Terms by OpenStax

Astronomy is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of one- or two-semester introductory astronomy courses. The book begins with relevant scientific fundamentals and progresses through an exploration of the solar system, stars, galaxies, and cosmology. The Astronomy textbook builds student understanding through the use of relevant analogies, clear and non-technical explanations, and rich illustrations. Mathematics is included in a flexible manner to meet the needs of individual instructors.

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1. Science and the Universe: A Brief Tour

1.1. The Nature of Astronomy

1.2. The Nature of Science

1.3. The Laws of Nature

1.4. Numbers in Astronomy

1.5. Consequences of Light Travel Time

1.6. A Tour of the Universe

1.7. The Universe on the Large Scale

1.8. The Universe of the Very Small

1.9. A Conclusion and a Beginning

2. Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy

2.1. The Sky Above

2.2. Ancient Astronomy

2.3. Astrology and Astronomy

2.4. The Birth of Modern Astronomy

3. Orbits and Gravity

3.1. The Laws of Planetary Motion

3.2. Newton’s Great Synthesis

3.3. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

3.4. Orbits in the Solar System

3.5. Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft

3.6. Gravity with More Than Two Bodies

4. Earth, Moon, and Sky

4.1. Earth and Sky

4.2. The Seasons

4.3. Keeping Time

4.4. The Calendar

4.5. Phases and Motions of the Moon

4.6. Ocean Tides and the Moon

4.7. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon

5. Radiation and Spectra

5.1. The Behavior of Light

5.2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

5.3. Spectroscopy in Astronomy

5.4. The Structure of the Atom

5.5. Formation of Spectral Lines

5.6. The Doppler Effect

6. Astronomical Instruments

6.1. Telescopes

6.2. Telescopes Today

6.3. Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments

6.4. Radio Telescopes

6.5. Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere

6.6. The Future of Large Telescopes

7. Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System

7.1. Overview of Our Planetary System

7.2. Composition and Structure of Planets

7.3. Dating Planetary Surfaces

7.4. Origin of the Solar System

8. Earth as a Planet

8.1. The Global Perspective

8.2. Earth’s Crust

8.3. Earth’s Atmosphere

8.4. Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change

8.5. Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth

9. Cratered Worlds

9.1. General Properties of the Moon

9.2. The Lunar Surface

9.3. Impact Craters

9.4. The Origin of the Moon

9.5. Mercury

10. Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars

10.1. The Nearest Planets: An Overview

10.2. The Geology of Venus

10.3. The Massive Atmosphere of Venus

10.4. The Geology of Mars

10.5. Water and Life on Mars

10.6. Divergent Planetary Evolution

11. The Giant Planets

11.1. Exploring the Outer Planets

11.2. The Giant Planets

11.3. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets

12. Rings, Moons, and Pluto

12.1. Ring and Moon Systems Introduced

12.2. The Galilean Moons of Jupiter

12.3. Titan and Triton

12.4. Pluto and Charon

12.5. Planetary Rings

13. Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System

14. Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System

15. The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star

16. The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse

17. Analyzing Starlight

18. The Stars: A Celestial Census

19. Celestial Distances

20. Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space

21. The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System

22. Stars from Adolescence to Old Age

23. The Death of Stars

24. Black Holes and Curved Spacetime

25. The Milky Way Galaxy

26. Galaxies

27. Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes

28. The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies

29. The Big Bang

30. Life in the Universe