A brief history of Jerusalem from ancient time to the modern era.

During its long history, Jerusalem has been attacked 52 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, besieged 23 times, and destroyed twice.The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE, making Jerusalem one of the oldest cities in the world.

Given the city's central position in both Israeli nationalism and Palestinian nationalism, the selectivity required to summarize more than 5,000 years of inhabited history is often influenced by ideological bias or background . For example, the Jewish periods of the city's history are important to Israeli nationalists, whose discourse states that modern Jews descend from the Israelites and Maccabees, while the Islamic periods of the city's history are important to Palestinian nationalists, whose discourse suggests that modern Palestinians descend from all the different peoples who have lived in the region.

The contents cover the history of Jerusalem for the time period as below :

1. Ancient period

1.1 Proto-Canaanite period

1.2 Canaanite and New Kingdom Egyptian period

1.3 Independent Israel and Judah (House of David) period

1.4 Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires period

1.5 Persian (Achaemenid) Empire period

2. Classical antiquity

2.1 Hellenistic Kingdoms (Ptolemaic/Seleucid) period

2.2 Hasmonean Period

2.3 Roman Jerusalem

2.4 Roman Aelia Capitolina period

2.5 Post-Crisis Roman and Early Byzantine Empire period

3. Middle Ages

3.1 Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates period

3.2 Fatimid Caliphate period

3.3 Kingdom of Jerusalem (Crusaders) period

3.4 Ayyubid, Bahri Mamluk and Burji Mamluk period

4. Early modern period

4.1 Early Ottoman period

.5 Modern era

5.1 Decline of the Ottoman Empire

5.2 British Mandate period

5.3 Partition between Israel and Jordan

6.Division between Jordan and Israel (1948–1967)

7. State of Israel