Cognitive Biases

They can often be surprisingly accurate,they can also lead to errors in thinking

A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own "subjective social reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of social reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behaviour in the social world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality.

Some cognitive biases are presumably adaptive. Cognitive biases may lead to more effective actions in a given context.Furthermore, cognitive biases enable faster decisions when timeliness is more valuable than accuracy, as illustrated in heuristics. Other cognitive biases are a "by-product" of human processing limitations, resulting from a lack of appropriate mental mechanisms (bounded rationality), or simply from a limited capacity for information processing.

A continually evolving list of cognitive biases has been identified over the last six decades of research on human judgment and decision-making in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioural economics. Kahneman and Tversky (1996) argue that cognitive biases have efficient practical implications for areas including clinical judgment, entrepreneurship, finance, and management

Ambiguity effect

"Women are wonderful" effect

Availability Heuristic

Spot the biases

Halo Effect

Ingroup Bias

Humor Effect

Peak-End Rule

Backfire Effect

SENTENCES WHICH SHOULD ALERT YOU!

Barnum Effect

Ben Franklin Effect

Decoy Effect

Framing Effect

Hyperbolic Discounting

Post-Purchase Rationalization

Rhyme as Reason Effect

Action bias: 

Actor-observer bias

Affect heuristic

Ambiguity bias:

Bandwagon Effect

Base rate fallacy or Base rate neglect

Belief bias

Ben Franklin effect

Berkson's paradox

Bias blind spot

Bias blind spots

Bizarreness effect

Change bias

Cheerleader effect

Childhood amnesia

Choice-supportive bias

Choice-supportive bias

Choice-supportive bias

Clustering illusion

Clustering illusion

Confirmation bias

Conformity

Conformity bias:

Congruence bias

Conjunction fallacy

Conservatism (belief revision)

Conservatism bias

Conservatism or Regressive bias

Consistency bias

Context effect

Continued influence effect

Contrast effect

Courtesy bias

Cross-race effect

Cryptomnesia

Curse of knowledge

Curse of knowledge

Declinism

Decoy effect

Decoy effect

Defensive attribution hypothesis

Denomination effect

Denomination effect

Disposition effect

Distinction bias

Dunning–Kruger effect

Duration neglect

Duration neglect

Egocentric bias

Egocentric bias

Empathy gap

Endowment effect

Exaggerated expectation

Experimenter's or expectation bias

Extrinsic incentives bias

Fading affect bias

False causality bias

False consensus effect

False memory

Feature positive effect

Focusing effect

Forer effect (aka Barnum effect)

Gambler's fallacy

Generation effect (Self-generation effect)

Google effect

Group attribution error

Halo effect

Halo effect

Hard-easy bias

Hard–easy effect

Herding

Hindsight bias

Hostile attribution bias

Hot-hand fallacy

How to overcome cognitive biases for innovation

Illusion of truth effect

Loss aversion

Loss-aversion bias:

Master Lateral Thinking methods

Memory Biases

Mere exposure effect

Misinformation effect

Modality effect

Money illusion

Mood-congruent memory bias

Moral credential effect

Moral luck

Most of these biases are labeled as attributional biases

Naïve cynicism

Naïve realism

Name

Negativity Bias

Negativity bias or Negativity effect

Neglect of probability

Neglecting Probability

Next-in-line effect

Normalcy bias

Not invented here

Observational Selection Bias