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Orchids or Yatryshnikovye also the largest family of monocotyledonous plants.

Nowadays are found on all continents except Antarctica. Most species are concentrated in tropical latitudes. Here, in areas with a short dry season and high rainfall they are the most favorable conditions for their growth. The originality of the flora of orchids on different continents a characteristic feature of their distribution.

Orchidaceae temperate latitudes perennial ground herb with underground rhizomes or tubers in the tropics and most widely represented epiphytic.

In the temperate zone flora orchid is much poorer than in the tropics. At temperate latitudes of northern hemisphere have only 75 genera and 900 species. Even fewer 40 genera and 500 species are found in the southern temperate zone.

Flowers are usually collected in racemes or spike inflorescence flowers less single. Flowers trinomial double perianth Sepals identical and three petals medium differs from the other forming a lip. Lip often has a long outgrowth back filled with nectar spur. Because pollination is most convenient to lip-down terrestrial orchids in the development process occurs twisting flower. Epiphytic orchid having overhanging inflorescences resupination not required.

Almost all known flowering plants of the family distinguished fusion of the filaments of stamens which can be one two or rarely three with a column gynoecium in the so-called column or ginostemy a specific formation occurs in addition to orchids only representatives of the family rafflesiaceae.

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