Radiographic Positioning - Abdomen, Chest & Pelvis

Posizionamento radiografico e relativa anatomia dell'addome, del torace e del bacino

lower limb radiographic positioning

radiographic positioning

radiographic positioning and related anatomy

Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis Radiographic Positioning application contain the anatomical review of the chest, Abdomen and pelvis. And the projections or views of the chest, abdomen and pelvis

abdomen radiographic positioning

anatomy of radiographic positioning

Radiographic positioning terminology is used routinely to describe the position of the patient for taking various radiographs. Standard nomenclature is employed with respect to the anatomic position.

Terminology

Basic terms of relations

anterior is towards the front of the body (Latin: before)

posterior is towards the back of the body (Latin: after)

superior is towards the top of the body (Latin: above)

inferior is towards the bottom of the body (Latin: below)

medial is towards the midline (Latin: middle)

compared with median which is in the midline rather than towards the midline

lateral is away from the midline (Latin: side)

proximal is towards the center of the body (Latin: near)

distal is away from the center of the body (Latin: far)

superficial is towards the surface of the body

deep is away from the surface of the body

ipsilateral is on the same side of the body

contralateral is on the opposite side of the body

Planes

the axial plane (transverse or transaxial plane): horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

the sagittal plane: vertical plane parallel to the median plane (or midsaggital plane)

divides the body into right half and left halves

the coronal plane: vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Body positions

erect: either standing or sitting

decubitus: lying down

supine: lying on back

prone: lying face-down

lateral decubitus: lying on one side

right lateral: right side touches the cassette

left lateral: left side touches the cassette

Movement

flexion: decrease in the angle of the joint

extension: increase in the angle of the joint

abduction: movement of limb away from midline

adduction: movement of limb towards the midline

pronation: movement of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing posterior

supination: movement of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing anterior

circumduction: circular movement of a joint using a combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction such that the distal limb describes a circle

opposition: thumb brought to oppose another digit

reposition: thumb repositioned back to the anatomic position

elevation: movement of the scapular superiorly

depression: movement of the scapular inferiorly

eversion: movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane

inversion: movement of the sole of the foot towards from the median plane

protrusion: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue anteriorly

retraction: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue posteriorly

Projections

antero-posterior (AP): central ray passes from anterior to posterior

postero-anterior (PA): central ray passes from posterior to anterior

lateral: central ray passes from one side of body to the other through the axial plane

oblique: central ray passes through the body/body part through a plane which is at an angle to the transverse plane/coronal plane