A guide on Melanoma covering signs and symptoms, prevention & treatment.

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes.[1] Melanomas typically occur in the skin but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines or eye (uveal melanoma).[1][2] In women, they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they most commonly occur on the back.[2] About 25% of melanomas develop from moles.[2] Changes in a mole that can indicate melanoma include an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness or skin breakdown.[1]

The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of the skin pigment melanin.[2][7] The UV light may be from the sun or other sources, such as tanning devices.[2] Those with many moles, a history of affected family members and poor immune function are at greater risk.[1] A number of rare genetic conditions such as xeroderma pigmentosum also increase the risk.[8] Diagnosis is by biopsy and analysis of any skin lesion that has signs of being potentially cancerous.[1]