Synthesis Biochemistry

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Synthesis Biochemistry

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-Synthesis Biochemistry

- Unit One: Enzymes

-Principles and classifications of Enzymes

- Mechanism action of Enzymes

- Enzyme Inhibition

- Regulation of Enzyme activity

- Enzymes in clinical diagnosis

- Unit Two: Carbohydrate Metabolism

-Chemistry of Carbohydrates

- Functions of Carbohydrates

- Digestion and absorption of Carbohydrates

- Glycolysis

- Glycogen Metabolism

- Glycogen storage diseases

- Pentose phosphate pathway

- The Cori - cycle

- Gluconeogenesis

- Unit Three: Integrative Metabolism Bioenergetics

-Introduction

- Structural basis of high energy phosphate

- Formation and utilization of ATP

- Catabolism of fuel molecules

- Concept of Free energy

- Oxidation-reduction reactions

- Aerobic energy generation

- Kreb’s cycle

- Function and regulation of kreb’s cycle

- Electron transport system and oxidative Phosphorylation

- Respiratory control

- Uncouplers

- Respiratory poisons

- Unit Four: Lipid Metabolism

-Classification of Lipids

- Types of Lipids

- Digestion and absorption of Lipids

- Metabolism of Fatty acids and Triacyl Glycerols

- β-Oxidation of Fatty acids

- Metabolism of Ketone bodies

- Biosynthesis of Fatty acids and triacyl glycerols

- Cholesterol Metabolism

- Atherosclerosis

- Hypercholesterolemic drugs

- Lipid storage diseases

- Fatty Liver

- Lipoproteins

- Chemical compositions of Membranes

- Unit Five: Amino acids and Proteins

-Classification of amino acids

- Properties of amino acids

- Peptides

- Glutathione synthesis

- Proteins

- Classifications of proteins

- Levels of organization of proteins

- Denaturation of proteins

- Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

- Sickle cell Hemoglobin

- Sickle cell disease, Sickle cell trait

- Digestion and absorption of proteins

- Amino acid catabolism

- Nitrogen balance, excretion and the urea cycle

- Defects in the urea cycle

- The Glucose - Alanine cycle

- Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism

- Amino acid derived nitrogenous compounds

- Clinical problems

- Unit Six: Vitamins and Coenzymes

-Water soluble vitamins

- Chemistry, sources, function and deficiency of: Thamine

- Riboflavin

- Niacin

- Pyridoxine

- Biotin

- Cobalamin

- Folic acid

- Panthothenic acid

-- Ascorbic acid

- Fat soluble vitamins

- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin A

- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin D

-- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin E

- Chemistry, Sources, function, deficiency and Hypervitaminosis of: Vitamin K

- Unit Seven: Miniral Metabolism

-Mineral

- Sodium and potassium

-Calcium and Phosphate

- Trace elements

- Iron

- Copper

- Magnesium

- Flourine

- Iodine

- Zinc

- Selenium

- Unit Eight: Hormones

-Definition and classification OF Hormones

- Biosynthesis, storage, transport

- Mechanism of action of steroid hormones

- Mechanism of action of protein hormones

- Receptors and diseases

- Second messengers

- Insulin synthesis, secretion and metabolic role

- Diabetes mellitus

- Symptoms and complications of DM

- Glucagon

- Clinical aspects of hormones

- Thyroxin

- Synthesis and Metabolism

-Hypo and Hyper Thyroidism

- Goiter

- Catecholamines

-- Pheochromocytoma

- Unit Nine: Molecular Genetics

-Structure of Nucleic acids

- Types of Nucleic acids

- Replication of DNA

- DNA Damage and repair mechanism

- RNA synthesis

- Post transcriptional Modifications

- Translation/Protein synthesis

- Regulation of protein synthesis

- The Genetic code

- Post translational processes

- PDF files