The Ethics by Spinoza

This app contains The Ethics by Baruch Spinoza in English.

Spinoza (b. 1632, d. 1677) was one of the first of the Enlightenment philosophers. He was born to Sephardic Portuguese Jewish parents, living in the Netherlands due to the Inquisition. His views were so novel, particularly his biblical criticism, that some of his works were only published posthumously, particularly the Ethics. He was essentially excommunicated from the Jewish community, and took on the name Benedictus, the Latin translation of Baruch, 'Blessed.'

Spinoza lived an outwardly simple life as an optical lens grinder, collaborating on microscope and telescope lens designs with Constantijn and Christiaan Huygens. He turned down rewards and honours throughout his life, including prestigious teaching positions. He died at the age of 44 in 1677 from a lung illness.

Included in this Spinoza app:

-Part I. Concerning God.

-Part II. On the Nature and Origin of the Mind

-Part III. On the Origin and Nature of the Emotions

-Part IV: Of Human Bondage, or the Strength of the Emotions

-Part V: Of the Power of the Understanding, or of Human Freedom

-Notes

-Recommended Resources

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